分析被控对象就是要详细分析被控对象的工艺流程,了解其工作特性。此阶段一定要与用户进行深入的沟通,确保分析的全面而准确。在控制系统设计时,往往需要达到一些特定的指标和要求,即满足实际应用或是客户需求。在分析被控对象时,必须考虑这些指标和要求。在全面的分析之后,就需要按照一定的原则,准确地用工程化的方法描述被控对象,为控制系统设计打好基础。
1.系统规模
根据被控对象的工艺流程、复杂程度和客户的技术要求确定系统的规模,可以分为大、中、小三种规模。确保硬件资源有一定裕量而不浪费。
小规模控制系统适用于单机或小规模生产过程,以顺序控制为主,信号多为开关量,且I/O点数较少(低于128点),精度和响应时间要求不高。一般选用S7-200就可达到控制要求。
中等规模控制系统适用于复杂逻辑和闭环控制的生产过程,I/O点数较多(128点到512点之间),需要完成某些特殊功能,如PID控制等。一般选用S7-300等。大规模控制系统适用于大规模过程控制、dcs系统和工厂自动化网络控制,I/O点数较多(高于512点),被控对象的工艺过程较复杂,对于精度和响应时间要求较高。应选用具有智能控制、高速通信、数据库、函数运算等功能的高档PLC,如S7-400等。
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